2024 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 18 Material Recovery Energy Recovery TDA is lightweight, durable, and highly permeable, making it ideal for road embankments, retaining walls, stormwater management, and landfill drainage. Its insulating and vibration-absorbing properties enhance seismic and transportation stability, while its drainage efficiency ensures long-term reliability. TDA reduces lateral earth pressure and lowers construction costs due to its lighter weight and easy handling. Tire-Derived Fuel (TDF) is produced by shredding scrap tires into a fuel source for industrial processes. TDF has been recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a viable fossil fuel alternative, providing both environmental and economic benefits. With a higher heating value than coal, TDF generates 25% more energy per ton, allowing facilities to achieve the same output with less fuel input.2 Additionally, the EPA has indicated that TDF combustion ash may contain lower levels of heavy metals than some coals and can result in reduced nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) emissions, particularly when compared to high-sulfur coal.2 It's important to note that TDF does not contain mercury, and TDF use can lead to decreased nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) emissions, especially when compared to high-sulfur coal and petroleum coke.2 TDF also plays a key role in scrap tire management, with 33% of end-oflife tires in the U.S. repurposed as TDF in 2023.3 Its use helps reduce landfill waste, mitigate tire stockpile hazards, and conserve landfill space.3 While TDF contributes to Scope 3 emissions, its footprint is often lower than that of traditional fossil fuels. The EPA has expressed support for responsible TDF use when industrial facilities implement proper storage, handling, and regulatory compliance measures.2 Liberty remains committed to moving recycled material up the value chain but recognizes that TDF is a more sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuels and landfilling, improving energy efficiency, waste management, and environmental conservation. Tire-Derived Aggregate (TDA) Tire-Derived Fuel (TDF)
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